Consonants are the results of audible friction or stopping of the breath in some part of the mouth or throat(prof.Sweet)
- Forms of Consonants 1: For the Representation of all the consonant sounds, (except w,y,and the aspirate h), the simplest geometrical forms are used, namely, the straight line and the shallow curve, as shown in the following diagrams...
Arrangement of Groups 2: i)The order of the arrangement of each group of consonants, as exhibited in the Table on a following page, follows the order of the oral movements from the lips inwards in the utterance of their respective sounds.
ii) The first pair of consonants, p,b are pronounced between the lips, and the next seven pairs at the several barriers further back in the mouth, in the succession indicates in the phonographic alphabet.
lasses of Consonants 3: The first eight consonants, represented by straight strokes, re called "explodents" because, in pronouncing them, the outgoing breath is forced in a sudden gust through barriers previously closed.
4: The next eight, represented by upright or sloping curves, are call because in uttering these the outgoing breath, instead of being expelled Suddenly, is allowed to escape in a continuous stream through similar barriers partially open.
5: The "nasals," represented by a horizontal curve,
6: The "liquids," flow into union with other consonants, and thus make double consonants, as in the words cliff, dry, where the l or r blends with the preceding consonant.
7:The " coalescents" precede vowels and coalesce or unite with them.
8: The "aspirate" is a breathing upon a following vowel. Thus by a breathing upon the vowel a in the word at, the word is changed into hat.
Pairs of Consonats9: The first sixteen consonants form pairs: thus p and b
4: The next eight, represented by upright or sloping curves, are call because in uttering these the outgoing breath, instead of being expelled Suddenly, is allowed to escape in a continuous stream through similar barriers partially open.
5: The "nasals," represented by a horizontal curve,
6: The "liquids," flow into union with other consonants, and thus make double consonants, as in the words cliff, dry, where the l or r blends with the preceding consonant.
7:The " coalescents" precede vowels and coalesce or unite with them.
8: The "aspirate" is a breathing upon a following vowel. Thus by a breathing upon the vowel a in the word at, the word is changed into hat.
Pairs of Consonats9: The first sixteen consonants form pairs: thus p and b
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